This new issue of Revista de Salud Ambiental focuses on aerobiology as a key discipline for public health from the One Health perspective, highlighting the role of air as a vector of biological agents with an impact on both communicable and non-communicable diseases. The monographic section includes studies that demonstrate the relevance of aerobiological surveillance networks, their clinical, epidemiological and agricultural applications, and the need to integrate this knowledge into public health and environmental policies.