Palabras clave
mildiu
oídio
viñedo
esporas fúngicas
Cómo citar
Resumen
El mildiu (Plasmopara viticola) y el oídio (Erysiphe necator) son enfermedades fúngicas problemáticas en viticultura. Este trabajo analiza la dinámica y el comportamiento de los niveles de esporas aerovagantes de estos hongos en el centro de la península ibérica (Castilla-La Mancha) y su relación con las condiciones meteorológicas y las fenofases de la vid.
El estudio se realizó en viñedos del oeste de la provincia de Cuenca (Castilla-La Mancha). Se efectuó la monitorización aerobiológica de las esporas y el seguimiento fenológico del cultivo. Se realizó un análisis intradiario de los niveles de esporas y un análisis de la relación entre las concentraciones diarias de esporas y las variables meteorológicas.
Las esporas de E. necator aparecieron constantemente durante el periodo de muestreo, alcanzando concentraciones máximas durante el desarrollo de las inflorescencias (mayo). Las esporas de P. viticola predominaron durante la brotación (marzo-abril). Las concentraciones de esporas de E. necator estuvieron influenciadas positivamente por las temperaturas y negativamente por la humedad relativa y la precipitación. Las de P. viticola estuvieron influenciadas negativamente por las temperaturas y la velocidad del viento y positivamente por la humedad relativa. El análisis intradiario mostró que los niveles más altos de esporas de E. necator se alcanzan entre las 16-18 horas, mientras que los de P. viticola entre las 11-12 horas.
El riesgo de infección por mildiu y oídio es alto en primavera, entre la brotación y la floración. Sin embargo, las condiciones meteorológicas del periodo estival dificultan el desarrollo del ciclo de vida de estos hongos.
Citas
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