Palavras-chave
míldio
oídio
vinha
esporos fúngicos
Como Citar
Resumo
O míldio (Plasmopara viticola) e o oídio (Erysiphe necator) são doenças fúngicas problemáticas na viticultura. Este trabalho analisa a dinâmica e o comportamento dos níveis de esporos aerotransportados desses fungos no centro da península ibérica (Castela-La Mancha) e sua relação com as condições meteorológicas e as fenofases da videira.
O estudo foi realizado em vinhas no oeste da província de Cuenca (Castela-La Mancha). Foi efetuada a monitorização aerobiológica dos esporos e o acompanhamento fenológico da cultura. Foi realizada uma análise intradiária dos níveis de esporos e uma análise da relação entre as concentrações diárias de esporos e as variáveis meteorológicas.
As esporas de E. necator apareceram constantemente durante o período de amostragem, atingindo concentrações máximas durante o desenvolvimento das inflorescências (maio). As esporas de P. viticola predominaram durante a brotação (março-abril). As concentrações de esporas de E. necator foram influenciadas positivamente pelas temperaturas e negativamente pela humidade relativa e precipitação. As de P. viticola foram influenciadas negativamente pelas temperaturas e pela velocidade do vento, e positivamente pela humidade relativa. A análise intradiária mostrou que os níveis mais elevados de esporos de E. necator são atingidos entre as 16 e as 18 horas, enquanto os de P. viticola entre as 11 e as 12 horas.
O risco de infeção por míldio e oídio é elevado na primavera, entre a brotação e a floração. No entanto, as condições meteorológicas do período estival dificultam o desenvolvimento do ciclo de vida destes fungos.
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