Palavras-chave
Lemna minor
Caenorhabditis elegans
Daphnia magna
herança transgeracional
contaminantes
epigenética
Como Citar
Resumo
Introdução: A epigenética investiga as relações causa-efeito entre fatores ambientais específicos e as modificações epigenéticas que desencadeiam respostas adaptativas nas células.
Objetivo: Esta revisão analisou estudos que utilizaram os modelos biológicos Lemna minor, Caenorhabditis elegans e Daphnia magna expostas a contaminantes ambientais. Foram discutidos os possíveis mecanismos de modificações epigenéticas, o seu papel na adaptação dos organismos, bem como a incidência da herança transgeracional. Além disso, procurou identificar áreas onde a investigação é limitada ou contraditória, adotando uma perspetiva crítica sobre o potencial das análises epigenéticas como ferramenta para a biomonitorização da contaminação.
Metodologia: Pesquisa em bases de dados, utilizando termos MeSH e os operadores booleanos AND e OR, incluindo artigos de investigação e de revisão publicados entre 2000 e 2024.
Resultados: As alterações epigenéticas, incluindo a metilação do ADN e as modificações das histonas, são consideradas possíveis biomarcadores de exposição ambiental e podem informar não apenas sobre a exposição química ao longo da vida do organismo, mas também sobre a herança epigenética transgeracional.
Conclusão: É necessária mais investigação para que as marcas epigenéticas possam vir a ser utilizadas como biomarcadores de exposição a substâncias tóxicas e para estudar a adaptação dos organismos às alterações ambientais.
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